ENGLISH
PAPER
“WHAT
IS A COMPUTER”
ARRANGED
BY :
GROUP 1
1.
Rizqi
Yuliarta 12184867
2.
Pelagia Fitri 12184564
3.
Maria Soviana K 12185239
4.
Asni Julianti 12185184
12.2H.30
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
UBSI
PSDKU PONTIANAK
2019
PREFACE
With
the grace of God Almigthy, we offer thanks to Him who has bestowed His mercy
and blessing on us so that we can complete this paper.
We
have compiled this paper as optimally as possible and received assistance from
various parties so as to facilitate the making of this paper. For this reason,
we express our gratitude to all those who have contributed to making of this
paper.
Apart
from all these things, we are fully aware that there are still shortcomings in
terms of both material and sentence structure and grammar. Therefore we warmly
accept all suggestions and critictsms from readers so that we can improve this
paper.
Finally,
we hope that this paper on “What is a Computer” can benefit all of us.
Pontianak,
March 22nd 2019
Author
TABLE OF CONTENS
PREFACE i
TABLE OF CONTENS ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of the paper 1
B.
Purpose of the paper 1
C.
Formulation of the paper 1
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A.
The Definition of Computer 2
B.
Types of Computer 3
C.
The Benefits of Computer 5
D.
Negative Side of the Computer 8
E.
How the Computer System Works 8
CHAPTER III FINAL
A.
Conclusion 9
B.
Message 9
REFERENCES 10
CHAPTER
I
INTROCDUCTION
A.
Background of the paper
The
word "computer" was first recorded used in 1613 and was originally
used to describe someone who performed calculations or computations. The
definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century when
the industrial revolution gave rise to a machine whose main purpose was to
count.
In
1822, Charles Babbage, known as the Father of Computer World, conceptualized
and began developing the "Difference and Analytical Engine", which
was considered the first automatic computing machine. The Difference and
Analytical Engine is able to count several sets of numbers and make a hard copy
of the results.
Since
then a lot of research has been done to create calculators that are faster and
more practical. Then came the various generations of computers and then which
computer we know today has become a part of our lives.
B.
Purpose of the paper
1. Know in more
detail what a computer is.
2. Know the benefits of computers in life.
C.
Formulation of the problem
1. What is the definition
of a computer?
2. What are the types of computers?
3. What are the benefits of a computer?
4. What is the negative side of the
computer?
5. How do computers work?
CHAPTER
II
DISCUSSION
A.
The Definition of Computer
According
to the definition of a computer is a set of several electronic devices that
work together, can receive data, process data, or provide information that is
regulated under the control of programs stored in memory.
According
to some experts, the definition of a computer is
1.
Robert H. Bilssmer 1985
Computer
is an electronic device that can perform a series of tasks, namely receiving
input, processing input according to the instructions given, storing commands
and processing results, and providing output in the form of information.
2.
Donald H. Saders 1985
Computers
are electronic systems that can manipulate data quickly and precisely and are
designed and arranged to automatically receive and store input data, process it
and produce output based on instructions that have been stored in memory.
3.
VC. Hamacher ZG
Computers
are electronic counting machines that can quickly receive digital input
information, process according to programs stored in memory (stored programs)
and produce information output.
4.
William M Fuori
Computers
are data processors (data processors) that can perform large and fast
calculations including large arithmetic calculations or physical operations
without human intervention during processing.
5.
Gordon B. Davis
A
computer is a special type of calculating device that has certain definite
properties.
Of
the several definitions of computers according to these experts, the outline is
that computers are :
·
Can process data
·
Provide information
·
Electronic devices
·
Can receive data input
·
Using a program stored in computer memory
(stored program)
·
Works automatically
·
Can save processing results
B.
Types of Computer
Computers
have several types that are grouped by:
1.
Types of Computers Based on Data Processed
a. Analog Computer
Analog
computers are computers that work in parallel (analog) to process data that is
continuous (continuous), the data in the form of physical quantities, and
numbers (quantitative) such as temperature, air pressure, wind speed, electric
current, sound waves, and others -other. Analog computer output is usually in
the form of a machine's control or control. This computer is widely used in the
control of the chemical industry, power plants, oil refineries, or hospitals to
monitor heart rate.
For more details, here are some examples of analog computers:
For more details, here are some examples of analog computers:
·
Electric voltage meter
·
Sound wave meter
·
Analog seismograph
·
Air temperature (thermometer)
b.
Digital Computers
Digital
computers are computers that work based on count operations. Variables in this
computer are expressed by numbers. Problem solving is done by arithmetic and
logical (quantitative) processes. Data from a digital computer is usually a
symbol that has a certain meaning. For example, the alphabet symbol is
represented by letters A to Z or a to z, numeric symbols depicted with numbers
0 to 9 or special symbols, as well as:? / + * &!. This type of computer is
commonly used for business and technical applications.
There
is no need to look far, the example of a digital computer that we often meet
everyday, such as:
·
The PC that we usually use
·
Calculator
·
Digital weight scales
·
IBM PC3
c. Hybrid Computer
Hybrid
computer is a computer that works qualitatively and quantitatively. This
computer is a combination of analog computers and digital computers. Hybrid
computers are computers that work qualitatively and quantitatively because they
are a combination of analog computers and digital computers. an example of a Hybrid
Computer type is an EKG (Electro Cardio Grafic) which is used to detect
heartbeat.
2.
Computer Types by Size
a. Main Frame
Main
frame is a computer that has hundreds or thousands of processor units so it is
also large. So this kind of computer is intended for many users. Mainframes can
divide the memory of several uses and can use this program usually used in
large-scale companies and universities and national aviation headquarters.
Supercomputers are the most sophisticated mainframes that can perform a very
complex calculation process. An example is IBM System / 360.
b. Mini Computer
Mini
computer is a mini form of a main frame computer. Which has several processors.
This mini computer is shown for large companies. Minicomputers are usually used
as interfaces between mainframes and computer networks. but nowadays mini
computers are increasingly used because their functions are replaced by more
sophisticated PCs. An example is IBM System / 370.
c. Micro Computer or Personal
Computer
Micro
Computer is a class of computers that uses a microprocessor as its main CPU.
Micro computers are also known as Personal Computers (PCs), Home Computers, or
Small-business Computers. Micro computers placed on workbench are called
desktops, while portable computers are called laptops, because they are often
placed on thighs. In addition, micro computers also now support many users at
one time. Micro computers are designed to be used in homes, schools or offices.
Examples are Desktop PC, Laptop.
3.
Types of Computers Based on Use
a. Special Purpose Computer
The
meaning of Special purpose computer is computer for special purpose. This
computer is designed only to solve a certain problem. Devices that are on this
computer, both the input, output, processor and software components have been
designed for this purpose. Usually the software that controls the process is
located directly on the system. Examples of Special Purpose Computers are
server computers, PC Routers or Dumb Terminals.
b. General Purpose Computer
Computers
that are commonly used every day, are used to complete various variations of
work. This type of computer can use various software, various steps that
complement each other, including writing and repairing (word-processing),
manipulating facts in the database, completing various scientific calculations,
or controlling the organization's security system, sharing electricity and
temperature. For example Desktop, Laptop.
C.
The Benefits of Computer
Some
of the benefits of computers in life are
1.
Computers as Educational Tools
Previously
we only obtained educational facilities through schools, and in addition to
school education information we can obtain through the media Radio, Television,
Newspapers, and places of the course. By using computers that are connected to
the Internet or not we can obtain education and science, including:
·
From the application that we installed.
Every application that we install must have a help menu, which is a tutorial on
how to use the program and training.
·
The application that we install can make
us become experts in several fields such as: Adobe photoshope, with this
application we can become an expert in the field of graphics, Power Point; with
this application we become an expert in the field of presentation, Autocad;
with this application we can become an expert in the field of architectural
design etc.
·
Apart from the application that we
install, if we are connected to the Internet we can get education or science
such as: History, Culture, Mathematics, Social, Biology, Medicine or Health,
Economics, Politics, Website Designe, Language (all Languages can be obtained),
religious knowledge etc.
2.
Computers as a means to facilitate work
With
computers a lot of work can be done easily, if first people typed letters must
be with a typewriter, and if there is an error then the paper will be torn and
retyped again, besides that with typewriters typed documents can not be edit
again, while using a computer we can type documents, edit and save the document
to be edited repeatedly.
3. Computers as a means of communication
In
ancient times when communicating with someone who was far away from us, we
could use telephone facilities, but that we only heard the voice of our friends
or relatives. With computers we can
·
Talk with friends or relatives
·
While talking we can see them using
webcams
·
Can write our words to them (Chatting)
·
Also we can write to them (Email)
·
We can send pictures or files to them etc
4.
Computers as Entertainment Tools
In
the past, our entertainment devices were only radio, tape, television and
traveling to find out the conditions and situations of one region. With
computers we can entertain them with various facilities on the computer,
including:
·
Listen to songs or music via CD / DVD or
via the Internet
·
Watch Vidoe via CD / DVD tapes or via the
Internet
·
Playing games, with game applications that
we install themselves or online games with the internet
·
Connect with friends through chat
facilities, or webcams
·
Watch TV, from TV Reciver channels that we
install on a computer or via Chanel Online TV with the Internet
5.
Computers as a means of information
With
computers we can see or obtain information we need such as:
·
Information on education, places of
education
·
Information on education, places of
education
·
Information on Entertainment, looking for
Entertainment venues
·
Travel information, search for and order
transprotation tickets
·
Product information, looking for products
that we want.
·
Job Information, running a job.
·
News information, search for events or
news at home and abroad
·
Weather information, find out the current
weather conditions
·
Traffic information, knowing the traffic
situation
·
Health Information, looking for health
tips and places for treatment.
·
Political Information
·
Trade Information
·
Business Information, looking for
opportunities to open a business
and many more information that we can get from computers connected to the Internet
and many more information that we can get from computers connected to the Internet
6.
Computers as a Business Facility
In
addition to communication, simplifying work, as well as entertainment
equipment, computers can also be used as a tool to do a lot of business that
brings income for us, among others:
·
Making Computer Rental
·
Make a café
·
Making a printing business
·
Make a business of Editing Editing
·
Making Business Ringtones and Wallpapers to
Mobile Phones
·
Making a Screen Printing Business
·
Make a Service business and Install Computer
Software
·
Open an Architectural Design business.
·
Opening a Graphic design business for
advertising
·
Opening a Website design business
·
Opening accounting and financial
programmers
·
Opening a Computer Course Business
·
Making Website Services as an Information
media
·
Writing and making books online that can
be sold
·
Etc
7.
Computers as a means of control
In
some factories, hotels, and companies, many computers are used as a means to
control or operate systems such as:
·
Control security cameras
·
Control the operation of factory Robot
machines
·
Control the Escalator
·
Control lighting for recording Studio
lights
·
Control of Video Editing equipment
·
Control the management of road traffic
lights
·
Controlling the network network system
·
Etc
D.
Negative Side of the Computer
From all the positive
things that can be obtained from a computer, many of the negative side caused
by computer users include:
1. With
the availability of computer facilities as entertainment tools such as chat and
games, many people are complacent so they forget about their duties and
responsibilities, such as learning, working etc.
2. By accessing sites that display pornographic
images and videos can damage one's morals.
3. Many
fraudulent actions occur by creating a Website to get money easily.
4. Programmers
who are known as Hackers, who can take someone's data to be traded and can
damage people's systems.
E.
How the Computer System Works
Processing
data that uses computers as a medium is known as Electronic Data Processing(EDP).
So that a computer can be used to process a data into information, a system
called a computer system is needed.
The
system referred to here consists of elements that are interconnected so that it
forms a unit that can be used to carry out the main purpose of the system.
1. INPUT
This stage is in the form of
inputting raw data into a computer system through an input device. For example
the keyboard, to enter letters, numbers into a computer which will then be
processed and displayed on the monitor screen.
2. PROCESS
Data
that has been entered through the input equipment will be processed by the CPU
processing device which can perform calculation and logic functions for
comparison of arithmetic and logic units (ALU) and also control (CU).
3. OUTPUT
The data that was previously entered through the input
equipment, then processed by the CPU will be able to be printed when it is
ready. This printing can be either hardcopy or softcopy.
Hard copy means using physical media such as paper or something else. Softcopy means displaying visual images through a monitor or projector.
Hard copy means using physical media such as paper or something else. Softcopy means displaying visual images through a monitor or projector.
4.
STORAGE
Data
that has been processed can be stored on storage media. For example Harddisk or
flashdisk so that later can be used again.
CHAPTER
III
FINAL
A.
Conclusion
Computers
are also useful tools for expressing one's creativity. For people who like to
draw or write, they can use computers to support their work. With computers we
can create our own designs with attractive shapes and colors. Likewise with
writing. We no longer need to write essays manually with pens and paper but
with computers all can be done quickly and regularly. We can compose or write
essays page by page with the variations of writing that we want.
In
this day and age everything can be done quickly and maximally with a computer.
Almost everyone in the world knows computers and there are many people who use
computers. Especially now that there are many cellphones or modems that can be
used for the internet. Many computer users forget their time because they often
visit sites on the internet. In fact, there are those who are willing to spend
their money to buy credit so they can open Facebook rather than eat.
In
the world of computers all things, all fields of subjects, lectures and
businesses are on computers, even education and science are more complete when
obtained from computers with Internet media compared to lessons or knowledge
that are obtained from schools.
B.
Message
The
good or bad function of the computer depends on the wearer, and we believe that
the computer created is not to make things worse, but to help humans make
things easier in the field of work but there are some things to the bad side of
the computer if people are wrongly used.
REFERENCES
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